úåàçñåð äììë ïåèðéì÷ úéðëú ìò úéðéèñìôä úøå÷éáä
÷øá úôå÷úá éðéèñìôä-éìàøùéä ïúîå àùîá ïåøçàä ÷øôä
.äáàè úåçéù ìù øúåé ÷éåãî çñåð âéöä àìò åáàù äàøð
ãéúòì íéç÷ì
ìù äéèîåìôéãä ïåìùéë úà äãéô÷á çúðì áåùç
øåùéâì íéðúéð éúìá íéøòô
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,éðéèñìôä íòä ìù úéâèøèñàä äøèîä ïéá ìãáä íéé÷ |
ìöééô øîà åúåî éðôì ïåøçàä éàðåúòä ïåéàøá
:(2001 éðåéá íñøôúä ïåéàøä) éøöî ïåòåáùì éðééñåç-ìà
ïî úéøåèñéää ïéèñìô ìë øåøçù àéä úéôåñä åðúøèî"
ñåñ" åéä åìñåà éîëñä éë óñåä àåä ."íéì ãòå øäðä
ïäéøòù" úà åçúô á"äøàå ìàøùéù êëì íøâù "éðàéåøè
úéîåàìä äòåðúäå úàôøò øñàé éðôá "íéøöåáîä
.úéðéèñìôä
úéîåàìä äöòåîä ø"åé ,ïåðòæ íéìñ øéäöä 2001 øàåøáôá
äðîàäù úéðéèñìôä úåùøä ìù ïåúéòá ,úéðéèñìôä
ïë ìòå ,íìåòî äúðåù àì ìàøùé ñøäì úàøå÷ä úéðéèñìôä
øáç ,ùáç ø'çñ àùð ïë éðôì ùãåç 139.ó÷åúá äøúåð
åáù úàôøò ìù åîùá íåàð ,ç"úôä ìù úéæëøîä äãòååä
úéèø÷åîãä äðéãîä ïåðéë àìì éë çéëåä ïåéñéðä" :øéäöä
øáòî éáìù íéøáåò åðà .íåìù íùâåé àì ,äîãàä ìë ìò
øèôéäì úéðåéöä äøáçä úà óåçãì íéìåëé åðà íúåòöîàá
úåðåéöä ïéá íåé÷ åã äéäéù ïëúé àì ïëù ,úåðåéöäî
ïî øèôéäì íéãåäéä ìò .úéðéèñìôä úéîåàìä äòåðúä ïéáì
äëøòî øçà äëøòîì íúåà äìéèî ,íäá úèìåùä úåðåéöä
úåéäì íéëéøö íä .íäìù íéñøèðéàä úà úúøùî äðéàå
140."úéèø÷åîãä ïéèñìô úðéãî ,ãéúòä úðéãîá íéçøæà
ìù àöåé ìòåô úåéäì úåéåùò äìà úåøäöäù ïáåîë
úãàôéúðà éãé-ìò äøöåðù äîåîçä úéèéìåôä äøéååàä
ìù åìñåà øçàìù äôå÷úä ìë êùîá ,úàæ íò .àö÷à-ìà
ó"ùà úåâéäðî ìù äéúåôéàùù úåáø úåéåãò åéä ,1993
äèìçäì íàúäá ,1967 úåìåáâ êåúá øãñä ìëî úåâøåç
úàôøò .äîöò ìàøùé êåú ìà úåöøåôå ,242 ïåçèéáä úöòåî
íëñä" ãåò äéä åìéàë éøå÷îä åìñåà íëñäì ñçééúä
ìù åðîæá ÷ùð úúéáùì éðîæ íëñä äéäù ,"äééáéãåç-ìà
ó"ùà éøáåã ìù úåøæåçä íäéúåéåñçééúä 141.ãîçî
ìù 181 äèìçäì -- í"åàä éðôá ììåë -- 1998-1999-á
íëñäì éìàéøåèéøè ñéñáë 1947-î í"åàä ìù úéììëä úøöòä
äãâì øáòî úåâøåçä úåéðéèñìô úåôéàù ìò úåòéáöî ,íåìù
ïëà ïä äìà úåéðåöé÷ úåãîò íà .ãáìá äæòìå úéáøòîä
äîæé ïéàù éøä ,íéðéèñìôä íéâéöðä ìù äðåúçúä äøåùä
.íéããöä ïéá øòôä úà øåâñì ìëåúù úéèîåìôéã
úåéð÷éøîà úåòöä ìå÷ùì ÷øá ìù åúåðåëð íöò ,óåñáì
øåáéöä ìò úìáå÷î äúééä àì íéìùåøé ìù ùãçî ä÷åìçì
úéðëúì éàðú àìì íéëñî ó"ùà äéä åìéà íâ ,êë .éìàøùéä
íà ììë øåøá äæ ïéà ,(øáãä äéä êë àìå) ïåèðéì÷
.íò ìàùîá éìàøùéä øåáéöä éãé-ìò úìá÷úî äúééä úéðëúä
ãâð åçî íéìàøùé 400,000 èòîë ,2001 øàåðéá 8-á
úåãäé .ä÷éúòä øéòä úåîåçì õåçî äìà íéòöåî íéøåúéå
ãìðåø ,íéàéùðä úãéòå ø"åé ;äàçîì äôøèöä úåöåôúä
íðîà åúåôúúùä -- úøöòä éôúúùî éðôá øáéã óà ,øãåàì
íééð÷éøîàä íééãåäéä íéðåâøàä úéáøî éãé-ìò äøùåà
úãéòå úåèìçäù ïååéëî êà ,(9 ãâð 14 ìù äòáöäá)
åîùá úøöòá òéôåä àåä ,ãçà äô äòáöä úåùøåã íéàéùðä
áø ì"ëèîøä ,íééìàøùéä ïåçèéáä éúåøéù éùàø .ãáìá
ìò åòéáöä ,øèëéã éáà ë"áùä ùàøå æôåî ìåàù óåìà
íéðáøä íâ .ïåèðéì÷ úéðëúá íéøåîç íééðåçèéá íééå÷éì
úà äãéá øîùì úáééç ìàøùéù å÷ñô ìàøùé ìù íééùàøä
.úéáä øä ìò úåðåáéøä
äùòîì äöøô àö÷à-ìà úãàôéúðàù øåëæì áåùç ,ãåòå úàæ
éìàøùéä åúéîò úà âøäå äøé éðéèñìô äøèùî ïéö÷ øùàë
íåé÷ úåñðì ìàøùé ìù äúåðåëð ;äéìé÷ì÷á óúåùî øåéñá
íà ,úìáâåî äúééä äùéâøä ä÷éúòä øéòá íéôúåùî íéøåéñ
íéôìö úåô÷úä ììåë ,øãøãéîä éðåçèéáä áöîä .ììëá
ìò úåô÷úä ,íéìùåøéá úåéãåäé úåðåëù ìò íéðéèñìô
íééâåìåàëøà íéàöîîì íøâðù ÷æðäå ,íéùåã÷ä úåîå÷îä
úáééç íéìùåøéù äùéâä úà å÷æéç ÷ø ,íé÷éúò íééãåäé
.äúèéìùáå ìàøùé ìù äúåðåáéøá ,úãçåàî øàùéäì
ãéååééã-ôî÷ ìù áééçî-àìä éôåàä
åéøçàìù íéðåéãä ìùå
úéèîåìôéãä úåìéòôä ,íééîåàì-ïéá íééèôùî íéçðåîá
íëñä àéä ìàøùé úðéãî úà áééçì äìåëéä äãéçéä
íééìàøùéä íéëéìää éôì ,øøùåàéù íåúç éîåàì-ïéá
íéöîàî øáòá åùòð ,úàæ íò .úñðëä éãé-ìò ,íéîãå÷ä
íåìù éðåéã ìù úåîåùøì úéèéìåô ìàøùé úðéãî úà áééçì
ïúîå àùîä ùåãéç ìò äéøåñ äãîò ìùîì 1996-á .åìùëðù
ïî äîìòúäá ,"ïúîå àùîä ÷ñôð äáù äãå÷ðä ïî" ìàøùé íò
.1996 ìù úåøéçáä øçàì ìàøùé úìùîî úåéðéãîá éåðéùä
äéøåñ ìù úàæ úåéðéãî åçã úéøáä úåöøà ïäå ìàøùé ïä
,ãéúòá äîåã éðéèñìô ïåéñéð ìåìùì ïéà .1996 øáîèôñá
úåîåùøá ÷øá úìùîî ìù íéøåúéååä úà ïâòì äéäú åúøèîù
ó"ùà úà áééçì éìáî ãéååééã-ôî÷ ìù ïúîå àùîä
.íäùìë íéìéá÷î íéøåúéååì
êøã òåðîì ïååëî äéä ãéååééã-ôî÷ úééèîåìôéã ìù íâãä
àéùðä ,ìéòì ïéåöù éôë .åæ ïéòî úéèîåìôéã äìåòô
úà åùéâãäá éìåéá 25-á íéðåéãä úà íëéñ åîöò ïåèðéì÷
ãò íëñåî øáã ïéà"ù ,äâñôä éðåéã ìù ìéáåîä ììëä
íééìàøùé íéøåúéå ïâòì äéä øùôà éà ,êë ."íëñåî ìåëäù
:íéàùåðä ìëá íéøåúéå ìù íðåâéò àìì íéìùåøé éáâì
íëéñ ïåèðéì÷ .äîåãëå ,ïåçèéá éøãñä ,íéèéìô ,úåìåáâ
éúòöäì íéáéåçî íðéà" íéããöäù úéáîåô äøäöäá ïë ìò
."äâñôá
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íéìàøùéä íéâéöðì ïåèðéì÷ úéðëú äâöåä øùàë ,êë
åîöòá ïåèðéì÷ àéùðä øéäöä ,øáîöãá 23-á íéðéèñìôäå
áåæòé øùàë åúà íéëìåä" íäå ãáìá åéúåðåéòø íä äìàù
ïåø÷éò ìò øæç ñåø ñéðã íåìùä êéìäú íàúî ."åúøùî úà
àéùðä ìù åéúåðåéòø" :2001 øàåðéá 19-á ïåéàéøá äæ
÷éñä ñåø ,êë 142."àéùðä íò [ïáìä úéáä úà] íéáæåò
äøåö åà ïôåà ,êøã ìëá áéåçî åðéà ùãçä ìùîîä"ù
."äìà úåðåéòøì
ïåøù ìàéøà äìùîîä ùàø ìù óøåâä åðåçöéð øçàì
÷øá àöåéä äìùîîä ùàø áúë ,2001 øàåøáôá 6-á úåøéçáá
íò åìòåäù úåðåéòøäù åá øéäöäå ùåá 'âøå'â àéùðì áúëî
úà åáééçé àì ,åúðåäë ïîæá íåìù íëñä øáãá íéðéèñìôä
øùéà ìååàô ïéìå÷ äðéãîä øéëæî 143.àáä äìùîîä ùàø
ìù é÷åçä ïãîòî éáâì úéøáä úåöøà ìù äúðáä äúééä úàæù
àåäù ,÷øá äìùîîä ùàø" :íéìùåøé éáâì ìàøùé úåòöä
,äìùîî áéëøé ïåøù øîù ãò ìòåôá äìùîîä ùàø ïééãò
úâñô ,íåëéñì 144."íéðåéãä ïçìåùî äìà íéøåúéå øéñä
íðéà äáàè åà ,äìùëù ïåèðéì÷ úéðëú ,ãéååééã-ôî÷
åà úåéìàøùéä úåìùîîä úà úéèéìåô åà úé÷åç íéáééçî
äéä ìåëé ïåøù äìùîîä ùàø ,êë .ïäéøçàìù úåéð÷éøîàä
úéìàøùé-úéð÷éøîàä äãòååä ìù úéúðùä äãéòååá øéäöäì
íéìùåøé"ù ,2001 ñøîá 19-á (AIPAC) øåáéö éðééðòì
."çöðì ìàøùé úåðåáéøá úãçåàî øàùéú
ìùëðù ïúîå àùîä øéçî
øùâì øùôàù ÷ãöá àìù åçéðä úéøáä úåöøà ïä ìàøùé ïä
àùåðá ó"ùà ïéáì ìàøùé ïéá éèîåìôéãä øòôä éðô-ìò
ìù úéòèåî äàéø÷î äø÷éòá äòáð úàæ úåòè .íéìùåøé
úåùéîâ úåéåàèáúä .íéìùåøé éáâì úéðéèñìôä äãîòä
íò úåéèøô úåçéùá åà íéòì÷ä éøåçàî íééîã÷à íéöåøòá
ïúîå àùî ìù úåàéöîä ïçáîá åãîò àì úàôøò ìù åéøæåò
íéããöä ìù úåéúîàä íäéúåãîòù çéðäì äéä øùôà .éùîî
òá÷ íëñäì òéâäì ïåéñéðá øáã õîçåé àìùå ,äúò úåòåãé
øáãá íééðéèñìôä-íééìàøùéä íéìãáää áåùéé ìåìëéù
.äéåâù äúééä úàæë äçðä êà ;íéìùåøé
úåîéìàì àéáä íéìùåøé éáâì ìùåëä ïúîå àùîä
úãàôéúðà" íùá äúåà úåðëì ïååëîá åøçá íéðéèñìôäù
íéìùåøé ìò ÷áàîä ,1929 æàî .úåáåè úåáéñî ,"àö÷à-ìà
íâ åîë úéáøòä äééñåìëåàä ñåéâì çåð øéùëî ãéîú äéä
ãçåéîá ïåëð äéä äæ øáã .ììëá éîìñåîäå éáøòä íìåòä
íéìùåøé ìò ìùåë ïúîå àùî .úéáä øä ìò ÷áàî ìë éáâì
éðéèñìôä-éìàøùéä éîåàìä êåñëñä úà êåôäì ïë ìò ìåëé
éáâì úåéåòîúùä ìòá éúã-ïéá ÷áàîì úåìåáâå ò÷ø÷ ìò
.åìåë øåæàä
.úàæ úåçúôúä ìò øéçî åîìéù úéøáä úåöøà ïä ìàøùé ïä
;ø÷åéá úåìòì úåìåìò úåéðéòéãåî úåéåòè ,äîçìî úåúòá
úà äøéæçä íéøöî .úåéèîåìôéã úåéåòè éáâì íâ êë
àì ïãøéå ,àö÷à-ìà úãàôéúðàî äàöåúë ìàøùéî äøéøâù
ä÷éøôà ïåôö íò ìàøùé éñçé .ìàøùéì äøéøâù úà äøéæçä
ñòëá åðéçáä íéð÷éøîà íéãé÷ô .åàô÷åä õøôîä úåðéãîå
úåðâôäì àéáä óàù ,éáøòä íìåòä ìù íéáø íé÷ìçá øáèöî
éèéìåôä íæéáéè÷àäù ,úéãåòñä áøòå ïîåò ïåâë úåîå÷îá
íéøåúéååäù ãåòáù ïëúéé .øúåéá ìáâåî øáòá äéä ïäá
åéä àì ïåèðéì÷ úéðëú éôì íéìùåøé éáâì ìàøùéî åùøãðù
åùøãðù úåøùôäù éøä ,íéìàøùéä úéáøî ìò íéìáå÷î
íìåòá úåìáå÷î åéä àì ïä íâ ó"ùàî íéð÷éøîàä éãé-ìò
.éáøòä
êøã äáåø÷ä äôå÷úá èå÷ðì úåëéøö úéøáä úåöøàå ìàøùé
úîìùä ìò äæ áìùá øáãì íã÷åîù øåøá .úçà úéø÷éò äìåòô
íà .òá÷ä ãîòî øáãá íéðéèñìôä ïéáì ìàøùé ïéá íéðåéãä
ìà åøæçé íéããöäå ìàøùé éôìë úéðéèñìôä úåîéìàä ÷ñôéú
ãéååééã ôî÷ ìù ïåéñéðä ñéñá ìòù éøä ,íéðåéãä ïçìåù
åìëåé íäáù íéàùåðá ó"ùàå ìàøùé åã÷îúé íà äéäé áèåî
çååè úëåøà íééðéá úôå÷úì äùãç äðáä :äîëñäì òéâäì
.õôð øîåç äðåòèä ,íéìùåøé úééâåñ úà ãéúòì çéðúù
úà ä÷æéç àö÷à-ìà úãàôéúðà ìù äôå÷úä ,íéðô ìë ìò
úåãìåú ìù íéðùä úåàî êùîá äøåøá äúééäù äñéôúä
úåúãä ìëî íéùðàì úîàá äçåúô äúééä íéìùåøé :íéìùåøé
.úéèø÷åîã úéãåäé äðéãî ìù äðåèìù úòá ÷ø úåðåîàäå
ïåçèéá éùðà éãé-ìò íéãåäéì íéùåã÷ íéøúà ìò úåô÷úää
éãé-ìò úéáä øäá úåéãåäé úå÷éúò ìù ïúñéøäå íééðéèñìô
.íéìàøùéä úéáøîì úàæ úîà åøéäáä éðéèñìôä ó÷ååä
íéìùåøéì øù÷äá úéãåäéä úéèñéìñøáéðåàä äééèðä ,áåùå
ìåìñîá äëéìä éãé-ìò à÷ååã øúåéá äáåèä êøãá âùåú
.éèñéøìå÷éèøô éèéìåô
úåøòä
Center-á 1999 éðåéá 16-á øáéã éðééñåç-ìà ìöééô .1
àåä .ïåèâðéùååá for Policy Analysis on Palestine
ñéã-åáàù åà ñéã-åáà àéä íéìùåøéù øîåì ïéà" :øéäöä
äæëøî ,íéìùåøé ìò íéøáãî åðà øùàë....íéìùåøé àéä
äùâãä] ïåøúôä úà àåöîì åðéìò íùî .ä÷éúòä øéòá àåä
ìò úåéðéãî çåúéðì æëøîä" ìù èðøèðéàä øúà äàø ."[éìù
,àìò åáà éøáãì .www.palestinecenter.org :"ïéèñìô
S. Bashi, "Symbols, Semantic Key to Jerusalem äàø
.Compromise," Associated Press, January 31 ,2000
I. Kimchi, S. Reichman, and J. Schweid, The .2
Metropolitan Area of Jerusalem (Jerusalem:
Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 1984), pp.
.8-9
M. Gilbert, "Jerusalem: A Tale êåúî íéèåèéö ïìäì .3
of One City," The New Republic, November 14, 1994:
éðåéöä ñøâðå÷äù éðôì äàîä úéöçîî øúåé ,1845-á"
úåðåéöä ìù úåéìàéøåèéøèä úåøèîä úà çñéð ïåùàøä
,äöìåù ø"ã ,íéìùåøéá éñåøôä ìåñðå÷ä êéøòä ,úéèéìåôä
3,390-å ,íéîìñåî 5,000 ,íéãåäé 7,120 äá åéäù
äìåãâä úéúãä äöåá÷ä íéãåäéä åøúåð êìéàå æàî .íéøöåð
ìù úåôå÷ú úåøîì ,äøáâ úéøôñîä íúåðåéìò .øéòá øúåéá
íúñéðë ìò ,úåéèéøá ïäéøçàìå ,úåé÷øåè úåìáâä
áúë äöìåù ø"ã ìù åúëøòä øçàì íééúðù .ìàøùé-õøàì
:Modern Jerusalem åøôñá ,åèé÷ ïå'â ø"ã ,éèéøá øééú
,úéîìñåî øéò íéìùåøéá úåàøì íéìéâø åðàù éô ìò óà"
ììëî ùéìùî øúåé äùòîì íéðåî íðéà íéîìñåîä
."äééñåìëåàä
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äòåá÷ä äééñåìëåàä" :øîàð åáù øîàî Daily Tribune
íéîìñåî 4,000 íäî ,ùôð 15,500-ë äðåî íéìùåøéá
.ñ÷øî ìø÷ äéä øîàîä áúåë ."íéãåäé 8,000-å
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ìëì 9,000-î úåçô íéøöåðä íéáøòäå íéîìñåîä åðî ïîæ
íéãåäé 45,000?ì äééñåìëåàä äòéâä 1914-ì ãò .äöåá÷
äðåùàøä íìåòä úîçìî õåøô ÷ø .íéáùåú 65,000 êåúî
íäî íéáøù ,íéãåäéä ìù úéôøâåîãä úåðåéìòä úà äøöò
".äé÷øåèì åà íéøöîì åùøåâ
óåñá êéøòä ,Abbe J.J. Bourasse áàä ,éúôøö øå÷î
úéãåäéä äééñåìëåàäù 19-ä äàîä ìù íéùéîçä úåðù
ùôð 15,000 úá äééñåìëåàä ììëî 7,000 äúðî íéìùåøéá
D.S. Landes, äàø .(íéøöåð 2,500-å íéîìñåî 5,000)
"Palestine Before the Zionists," Commentary, vol.
.61, no. 2 (February 1976), p. 51
1864-á ,øåî .è ìàåð ,éèéøáä ìåñðå÷ä ìù úåëøòäì .4
M. Gilbert, Jerusalem: Illustrated History Atlas äàø
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T.C.F. Prittie, "Jerusalem Under the äàø .5
Mandate," and L.K. Davis, "First Americans in
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of the Ages (Lanham, Md.: University Press of
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.Jerusalem Post, November 1, 1994 .6
ïåúðùä êåúî ,Jerusalem Post, September 27, 2000 .7
ø÷çì íéìùåøé ïåëî :íéìùåøé) 1999 íéìùåøéì éèñéèèñä
.(ìàøùé
ãìåðøà ïòè ,ìùîì ,òùåøî é÷øåè-éèðà ñøèðå÷á .8
ùéù ,äðåùàøä íìåòä úîçìî êìäîá ,1917-á éáðéåè
úé÷øåè úåðåáéøî (ìéôåðéèðèñðå÷) ìåáðèñéà úà àéöåäì
,A.J. Toynbeeúåàáä úåøùòá åãøù àì äìà íéðåòéè êà
The Murderous Tyranny of the Turks) (London:
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øñé÷ä éãéî ìéôåðéèðèñðå÷ úà åùáë íé÷øåèäù æàî"
ìù úéðéãîä äøéáä äúééä àéä ,1453-á ïåøçàä éøöåðä
äúééä àéä ,øéòì äúééäù æàî êà .úéðàîúåòä äéøôîéàä
úà úòáå÷ ,øåçùä íéì éìëìëäå éâèøèñàä çúôîä íâ
íéðëåùä íéîòä ìë ìù úéìëìëä úåçúôúäá úèìåùå ïåçèéáä
øúåéá úéèéìåôåîñå÷ä øéòä éäåæ .øåçùä íéä éôåçì
úåëæ êà ,íùåáéë úåëæá íé÷øåèì äúò úëééù àéä .íìåòá
íúùéìô úà ä÷éãöî àéä íà äîçìîá íùåøéâ úà ä÷éãöî úàæ
,äééñåìëåà ìù øúåé íéáçø íéìå÷éùáå ;úéøå÷îä
ìéôåðéèðèñðå÷ ,øáòì ïåøëéæ úåáöîå úåøåñî ,íéèðîéèðñ
.çøæîä ìù íééøöåðä íéîòä ìë úøéá øáã ìù åúÄîàì àéä
íà ïéá ,äéáùåú ìù úéãòìáä íúåìòáá äðéà àéä êà
".ùãçä ïîæá åà íé÷éúò íéðîæá äøå÷î íù íúáéùé
M. Kramer ,Islam Assembled: The Advent of .9
Muslim Congresses (New York: Columbia University
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ãåä úìùîî éãé-ìò äúðåîù äãòååä çåã-î òè÷ ïìäì .10
ïåôöå äìåãâä äéðèéøá ìù úãçåàîä äëìîîá åúåëìî
úà òåá÷ì ,íéîåàìä øáç úöòåî ìù äúîëñäá ,ãðìøéà
øù÷á íéãåäéäå íéîìñåîä ìù íäéúåòéáúå íäéúåéåëæ
øáîöã ,íéìùåøéá úåòîãä ìúåë åà éáøòîä ìúåëì
1930 (His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1931):
ä÷æçää íâ åîë ,ìúåëä ìò úåìòáäù úàæá äøéäöî äãòååä"
.íéîìñåîì úëééù ,ú÷åìçîá íéðåúðä åúáéáñá íé÷ìçáå åá
,"óéøù-ìà íøç-ìà" øåæàî ãøôð-éúìá ÷ìçë ,åîöò ìúåëä
úéáá ï÷ìçá ,äãòååä ìù äéúåøé÷çî .éîìñåî ùåëø àåä
äáçøäù äìåò ,íéãò úòéîù úåòöîàá ï÷ìçáå éòøùä ïéãä
íâ ,éúãä íðçìåô úà íéãåäéä íéëøåò íù ,ìúåëä éðôìù
".éîìñåî ùåëø àéä
J.C. Hurewitz, The Struggle for Palestine (New .11
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T. al-Khalil, Jerusalem from 1947 to 1967 .12
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.Praeger Books, 1980), p. 112
ïëå úåøáéãä úøùò úà ìéëä úéøáä ïåøà íàä äìàùä .14
úôå÷úá ãåò ì"æç ìöà ú÷åìçîì àùåð äùîéù ,äøåúä úà
ïåøà" êøò ,II êøë ,úéãåîìú äéôåì÷éöðà äàø .äðùîä
.(1990 ,âåöøä áøä ãé :íéìùåøé) "úéøáä
Document 100, "The Report of the Commission of .15
Investigation into Events on the Temple Mount," in
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åììôúä íéãåäéäù êëì úåáø úåéåãò úåîéé÷ ,úàæ íò 466
íééðáø íéáúë .÷ñôåä äæ âäåð íâ íà ,úéáä øä ìò
éãé-ìò úøúåî äúééä úéáä øä ìò úéãåäé äìéôúù íéðééöî
M. Elon, "A äàø .íéìùåøé ìù íéîã÷åîä íéáøòä íéèéìùä
City Knit Together: The Heavenly Jerusalem and the
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.Yad Ben Zvi, 1997), p. 317
íéñøôä øùàë" :áúë ñåàáñ éðîøàä ïåéøåèñéää .16
ãâðë åî÷ éãåäéä íòä ìù úåéøàùä ,äðéúùìôì åáø÷úä
íéìùåøé ."úçà ãé íîò åùòå íéñøôì åôøèöä ,íéøöåðä
éãåäéä âéäðîä ìù åðåèìùì äôôëåäå 614 éàîá äùáëð
H.Häàø .óñåé ïá íéøôà ïá ìàéùåç ïá äéîçð . .
Ben-Sasson, ed., A History of the Jewish People
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J. Mann, The Jews in Egypt and Palestine under .17
the Fatimid Caliphs (New York: Ktav Publishing
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çøá àåä .1135-á ãøôñáù äáåãøå÷á ãìåð í"áîøä .18
éðôì ,íéìùåøéá ø÷éá 1165-áå ,1160-á å÷åøîáù æôì
êéùîäì äøèîá ìåáðèñéà ãò òéâä è"ùòáä .øéä÷á áùééúäù
áùééúä åñéâ .äúéáä øåæçì çøëåä êà ,ìàøùé-õøàì
.íéìùåøéá
S.W. Baron, A Social and Religious History of .19
the Jews: Late Middle Ages and Era of European
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ìò ÷áàîä :íéùåã÷ä úåîå÷îä úåîçìî ,õéáå÷øá .ù .20
ìáçå ïåøîåù ,äãåäé ,ìàøùéá íéùåã÷ä úåîå÷îäå íéìùåøé
õéáå÷øá .109 'îò ,(2000 ,éöøà ãä :äãåäé øåà) äæò
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éòñî úôå÷úá íàìñàá íéìùåøé ìù äúùåã÷" ,ïåéñ .ò .23
øôñ ,(íéëøåò) éàîù-ïá .çå øååàøô .é êåúá ,"áìöä
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ïééö ,íéøöîì øáòùì ìàøùé øéøâù ,ïåùù äùî .26
éøòì úåùåã÷ä ïäéøò úà åáñä àì úåéáøòä úåðéãîäù
íéøòä ;äëî àìå ,ãàéø àéä úéãåòñä áøò ìù äúøéá .äøéá
ìù äøéá éøòì åéä àì äìáø÷å ó'âð íéòéùì úåùåã÷ä
äùîéùù ,äëî àéä ïåùù ìù äæ ììëì ãéçéä âéøçä .÷àøéò
éðôì ,éîùàää øúëä úçú øö÷ ïîæ êùîá æà'âç úøéáë
.7.7.1994 ,áéøòî .íéãåòñä ùåáéë
M. Gil, "The Jewish Settlement," in Y. Prawer, .27
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éãé-ìò ãòåú úéðéîùä äàîä ïî äæ âäåð p. 137.
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íàìñéàä úéùàøá ìàøùé õøàá áåùéä ,ïéèéåâ .ã .ù .28
'îò ,(1980 éáö-ïá ÷çöé ãé :íéìùåøé) íéðáìöä úôå÷úáå
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,ïåîã÷à :íéìùåøé) 1800-1848 íéøôëå úåðåëù ,íéòáø
éîìñåîä òáåøá íéãåäé 1,000 åéç úîéåñî äôå÷úá .(1995
éîìñåîä òáåøá íéúá ùåëøì åìçä íä ;ä÷éúòä øéòä ìù
1929 ìù úåòøåàîä øçàì êà ,19-ä äàîä ìù íéùéùä úåðùá
,äáéøîä øä ,éàâøù .ð äàø .íù øåâì åìëé àì íáåø
:íéìùåøé) 1967 æàî ä÷éèéìåôå úã ,íéîìñåîå íéãåäé
.190-191 'îò ,(1995 ,øúë
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íéîåàìä øáç ìù íéèãðîì äòåá÷ä äãòååì éðåéöä âéöðë
úåéåëæ ìù úëùîúîä úåô÷úä ,úàæ íò :1939 ãò 1937-î
úëøòîå íéîåàìä øáç ìù íúâåôú øçàì èãðîî úåòáúðä
,80 óéòñ ,úåãçåàîä úåîåàä úìéâîá äèøåô íéèãðîä
äáéñä ."éðéúùìôä óéòñä" úåøôñá úåáåø÷ íéúòì äðåëîä
úåéåðîàðá ïãä XII ÷øôî ÷ìç àéäù ,úàæ äð÷úù àéä
äãéòååá íééðåéö íéâåöééî äàöåúë äçñåð ,úéîåàì-ïéá
ìù úåîéé÷ä úåéåëæì óñåðá ,ïâäì éãë å÷ñéöðøô ïñá
ìù úåáéñð åà íéîò ìë" ìù äìà ìò íâ ,ïäùìë úåðéãî
íééåùò í"åàä éøáç øùà íéîéé÷ íééîåàì-ïéá íéøéùëî
úåéåëæä ."íéîò" øéëæî óéòñä ."íäì íéôúåù úåéäì
ìá÷î åúåéäî éãåäéä íòä ìù äìà ãçåéîá åéä úåøáåãîä
ìò úññåáîä úéîåàì-ïéá úëøòîá ,ìàøùé-õøàá èãðîä
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íééèôùî íéèáéä :íéìùåøé ,(úëøåò) ,øéàîéçà .à êåúî
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:31-32 'îò ,"of UNSC242
ïéáì éúôøöä çñåðä ïéá ìãáäì øùàá ú÷åìçî úîéé÷"
äìòåä äæ ïééðòù ïååéëî .[242 äèìçä ìù] éìâðàä çñåðä
éùå÷ íéé÷ íà ,éîåàì-ïéáä ÷åçáù ïééöì ùé ,úåáø íéîòô
úãå÷ðë ùîùî éøå÷îä èñ÷èä ,èñ÷èä úôù ùåøéôá åäùìë
éøä ,úéèéøá äòöä äúééä äèìçääù ïååéëî .úåñçééúä
".áééçîä àåä éìâðàä èñ÷èäù
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íéø÷áîä úñéðë úà ìäðî ó÷ååä ,åîöò úéáä øäá .46
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19-á ,ìùîì .äúñä éøáã úåììåë úåùøãä øùàë íâ ,úéáä
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éøöåð èñéìèðîãðåôù øçàì úéáä øäá úéúøèùî úåçëåð
ãâñî úà úéöä ,ïàäåø ìàëéî ñéðã ,éðåäîú éìøèñåà
,éìàøùé éîìñåî ïéö÷ì äôåôë äãéçéä .1969-á àö÷à-ìà
íéâéäðî åðòè 1969-á .úåúãä ùåìù éøáçá úùéåàîå
íðéà (ìàøùé ïåâë) ùåáéë úåçåë"ù íéáøò íéðéèñìô
,ó÷ååä ;úéáä øä ìù "ïåçèéáì ïúåéøçàî çåøáì íéìåëé
ïéá úåéåùâðúä .äæ ãé÷ôú àìîì ãòåð àì ,íúðòèì
8-á úéáä øäá åòøéà íéìàøùé íéøèåùå íéðéèñìô íéòøôúî
åòöôð 53-å íéðéèñìô 20 åâøäð ïäáù ,1990 øáåè÷åàá
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ììëë íéñçééúî øãñäì íéôàåùä íéðéèñìôä ,úéçöðä äúøéá
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÷ìçä éáâì úåòîùåî úåùøåôî úåòéáú íà íâ ,úéáøòîä
øéäöä ,ãéøãîá íåìùä úãéòå úçéúôá ,êë .ãáìá éçøæîä
íéé÷úäìî äìãç àì íìåòî åðúãìåî" :éôàö-ìà ãáò øã'ç
íéçèùä ìë ìò äðéãîë íéé÷úäì äéìò êà ,åðáìáå åðçåîá
úéáøòä íéìùåøé íò ,1967 úîçìîá ìàøùé éãé-ìò åùáëðù
äééôåàå úàæ øéò ìù ãçåéîä äãîòî úøâñîá äúøéáë
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úöòåîì ïòåîî ,í"åàì úåéáøòä úåãçåàîä úåéåøéîàä
.1999 ,ñøîá A/53/869 ,S/1999/308 ,23 ,ïåçèéáä
úàòùî úåèèéöä ìë .April 23, 1999, íàéà-ìà .63
,MEMRI Special Dispatch No. 31, April 23, êåúî úåçå÷ì
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íäéúåéåáééçúä éáâì íéðéèñìôäå ìàøùé ìù íãîòî" .65
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.29.5.1995 ,õøàä .66
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:íéìùåøé) 1990-1948 íéìùåøéá ó÷ååä ,øèééø .é .70
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íéìùåøé ,éøåæà çåúéô ìò éðãøéä øöòä ùøåé" .74
,ïàîòá ïãøé úéîùàää äëìîîä åéãø ,"úåøçà úåéâåñå
,BBC-Summary of World Broadcasts (ME), November 3,
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íò íëñää ìò úåøå÷éáì áéùî éìà'âî äìùîîä ùàø" .75
MBC TV, October 30, 1994, BBC-Summary of "ìàøùé
.World Broadcasts (ME), November 2, 1994
ABC News Interview with Peter Jennings; .76
.BBC-Summary of World Broadcasts, May 20, 1999
.Israel Wire, August 31, 1999 .77
úçéúôì øúëä íåàð ,éðùä äììàãáò êìîä åúåëìî ãåä .78
,ïãøé ìù 13-ä èðîìøôä ìù éùéìùä òåá÷ä áùåîä
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U.S. House of -á íééåöî íéëîñîä éðù .81
Representatives, Legislation Calling for a Move of
.the U.S. Embassy to Jerusalem, pp. 350-351
U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on .82
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.200-201 'îò ,íù .84
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"U.S. Rules Out Office in East Jerusalem," .90
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Peace Watch, Meetings and Diplomatic Visits in .91
Orient House in East Jerusalem from November 1993
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çøæîì íåìùä úåçéù ìò æåø éìø'ö íò ïåéàéø .93
.July 27, 2000 ,ïåëéúä
.6.4.2001 ,áéøòî .94
.28.7.2000 ,õøàä .95
,November 23-24, 2000 ,(úåøééá-ïåãðåì) úàéç-ìà .96
.MEMRI, November 28, 2000 éãé-ìò íâøåú
.Jerusalem Post, August 25, 2000 .97
.28.7.2000 ,õøàä .98
Jerusalem Post, August 4, 2000, and Newsweek, .99
.November 27, 2000
íéøîàî ìù éìâðàä íåâøúä ìù êéøàú àìì ãé áúë .100
.äééðä íøëà ìù úåðåúéòá íéáìåùî
Y. Feldner, "The Formulae ïëå ;28.7.2000 ,õøàä .101
for a Settlement in Jerusalem," MEMRI, September
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.äééðä ãé áúë .103
.September 12, 2000 ,æåø éìø'ö íò ïåéàéø .104
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íâøåú ,July 28, 2000 ,äãéã'â-ìà úàéç-ìà .106
.MEMRI ,August 4, 2000 éãé-ìò
,MEMRI éãé-ìò íâøåú ,July 27, 2000 ,úàéç-ìà .107
.August 4, 2000
,NHK ,August 15, 2000 úéðôéä úåùãçä úåðëåñ .108
.MEMRI ,August 28, 2000 éãé-ìò èèåö
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éãé-ìò íâøåú ,August 16, 2000, áøò-ìà ìå÷ .110
.MEMRI ,August 28, 2000
,December 31, 2000 ,ãàéæ åáà ãàéæ íò ïåéàéø .111
.http//:www.imra.org.il
.Voice of Palestine, September 17, 2000 .112
,November 23-24, 2000 ,(úåøééá-ïåãðåì) úàéç-ìà .113
.MEMRI ,November 28, 2000 éãé-ìò íâøåú
.20.10.2000 ,õøàäá èèåö .114
Birzeit University Development Studies .115
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"East Jerusalem and the Holy Places at the .116
Camp David Summit," August 28, 2000, MEMRI Special
.Dispatch
.January 16, 2001 ,MEMRI ,íàéà-ìà .117
:úö÷îá äðåù çøåàá ïëî øçàì úàæ âéöä éîò-ïá .118
äéä ïùéä øåãä .úåøåãä ïéá ÷áàîä úà íéàåø åðà"
òãéå ,åá äöøù ãéçéä øáãä úà åáÄìá òãé àåä .÷çåøî
,éðù ãöî ,øéòöä éðéèñìôä øåãä .åúåà ìá÷î åðéà àåäù
."ú÷ôñî äéöîéèéâì åì äúééä àì êà ,éùòî úåéäì äñéð
.6.4.2001 ,áéøòî
.íù .119
Y. Feldner, "The Formulae for a Settlement in .120
.Jerusalem," MEMRI, Report 40, September 13, 2000
.March 3, 2001 ,MEMRI ,(ïåðáì) øéôñ-ìà .121
.October 12, 2000 ,MEMRI ,íàéà-ìà .122
.August 24, 2000 ,MEMRI ,äãéã'â-ìà úàéç-ìà .123
.August 11, 2000 ,MEMRI ,äãéã'â-ìà úàéç-ìà .124
ìù äðåùàø äòãåä ,'çéù-à íøàù ìù äøé÷çä úãòå .125
.38 'îò ,2000 ,ìàøùé úìùîî
.Jerusalem Post, March 30, 2001 .126
.Jerusalem Post, March 22, 2001 .127
.New York Times, January 6, 2001 .128
G .Sher, "An Inside Look from Camp David to .129
Taba," Peacewatch, no. 318, April 18, 2001,
.Washington Institute for Near East Policy
.29.12.2000 ,úåðåøçà úåòéãé .130
.29.12.2000 ,áéøòî .131
"Arafat's Letter of Reservations to President .132
.Clinton," January 3, 2001, MEMRI
.íù .133
.January 28, 2001, MEMRI ,íàéà-ìà .134
.January 29, 2001, MEMRI ,íàéà-ìà .135
.January 28, 2001, MEMRI ,ñãå÷-ìà .136
MEMRI Special Dispatch No. 155, "Three .137
Palestinian Viewpoints on the Intifada and the
Future of the Palestinian State," November 22,
.2000
àì .March 21, 2001 ,MEMRI ,(ïåðáì) øéôñ-ìà .138
äøäöä øñî éðééñåç-ìà ìöééôù äðåùàøä íòôä úàæ äúééä
[ïåëéúä] íéä ïî" :øîà éðééñåç ,1992 øáîöãá .úàæë
ìò øúååð àìå åðøúéå àì êà....[ïãøéä] øäðì ãòå
äìòîì äæî úåîéé÷ä åðéúåéåáééçúäî éäùìë úåáééçúä
B. Netanyahu, A Place Among the äàø ;"äðù íéòáùî
Nations: Israel and the World (New York: Bantam
.Books, 1993), p. 225
.February 3, 2001, MEMRI, äãéã'â-ìà úàéç-ìà .139
.January 30, 2001, MEMRI, äãéã'â-ìà úàéç-ìà .140
Palestinian Authority and PLO Non-Compliance .141
with Signed Agreements and Commitments: A Record of
Bad Faith and Misconduct (Jerusalem: Government
.Press Office, 2000), p. 10
.Jerusalem Post, January 19, 2001 .142
.Jerusalem Post, February 9, 2001 .143
.CNN Late Edition, February 11, 2001 .144
